Cut the potatoes into uniform chunks and soak them in cold water for 5 minutes to rinse off surface starch.
Heat oil in a wide, heavy pan and sauté the potatoes 2-3 minutes, turning gently, until the edges look slightly translucent.
Add soy sauce, sugar, garlic, and water or broth — it should come about halfway up the potatoes.
Bring to a boil, then reduce to a steady simmer, cover, and cook 12-15 minutes, shaking the pan occasionally instead of stirring with a spoon.
Uncover once the potatoes are fork-tender and the liquid has reduced to a few tablespoons.
Add the rice syrup and chili, and continue cooking 2-3 minutes, tilting and shaking the pan to coat every piece — watch closely, since the sauce can scorch quickly once the syrup goes in.
Finish with sesame oil and sesame seeds off the heat.